传染病暴发史和疫苗研制时间线

了解重大疾病暴发、流行病和大流行的历史，以及疫苗和研究对许多传染病的影响。

1872 年，纽约市有许多人接种了天花疫苗
1796天花
Louis Pasteur 医生在他的实验室拿着一个瓶子
1885狂犬病
您可能还对 感兴趣疫苗接种要求简史和疫苗研究的高光时刻 1855 年至 2021 年
引起百日咳的细菌
1914百日咳
1918 年和 1919 年流感大流行期间，戴口罩的军人站在医院里
1945流感（流行性感冒）
1955 年，Thomas Magath 医生坐在办公桌前，查看妙佑医疗国际的首批脊髓灰质炎疫苗
1955脊髓灰质炎
麻疹病毒。
1963麻疹
流行性腮腺炎病毒
1967流行性腮腺炎
风疹病毒
1969风疹
蚊子叮咬人的皮肤
1952-2016寨卡病毒
严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）
2002-2021SARS 和 MERS
严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），引起 COVID-19 的病毒
2020COVID-19
  1. Plotkin SA, et al., eds. Plotkin’s Vaccines.7th ed. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com.Accessed Oct. 8, 2021.
  2. Blake JB. Benjamin Waterhouse and the introduction of vaccination. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press.1987;doi:10.1093/clinids/9.5.1044.
  3. Desmond A, et al. On the shoulders of giants — From Jenner's cowpox to mRNA Covid vaccines. The New England Journal of Medicine.2021; doi:10.1056/NEJMp2034334.
  4. Saleh A, et al. Vaccine development throughout history. Cureus.2021; doi:10.7759/cureus.16635.
  5. The history of vaccines. College of Physicians of Philadelphia. https://www.historyofvaccines.org.Accessed Oct. 7, 2021.
  6. Stokes J, et al. Trivalent combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. JAMA. 1971;218:57.
  7. Klein NP. Licensed pertussis vaccine in the United States: History and current state.2014; doi:10.4161/hv.29576.
  8. Influenza historic timeline. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pandemic-timeline-1930-and-beyond.htm. Accessed Nov. 14, 2024.
  9. Poland GA, et al. Development of vaccines against Zika virus. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases.2018; doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30063-X.
  10. Poland GA, et al. Zika vaccine development: Current status. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.2019; doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.05.016.
  11. Li YD, et al. Coronavirus vaccine development: From SARS and MERS to COVID-19. Journal of Biomedical Science.2020; doi:10.1186/s12929-020-00695-2.
  12. Dolgin E. The tangled history of mRNA vaccines. Nature.2021; doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02483-w.
  13. Goodman RA, et al., eds. Vaccination mandates: The public health imperative and individual rights. In: Law in Public Health Practice. Oxford University Press; 2007.
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current trends childhood immunization initiative, United States — 5-year follow up. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1982; http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001091.htm. Accessed Oct. 7, 2021.
  15. Vaccination. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/vaccination. Accessed Nov. 13, 2024.
  16. The history of vaccines. History of the immunization schedule. College of Physicians of Philadelphia. https://historyofvaccines.org/activities/history-immunization-schedule. Accessed Nov. 13, 2024.
  17. NCIRD national surveillance materials and resources. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncird-surveillance/resources/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/surveillance/materials-resources.html. Accessed Nov. 13, 2024.
  18. Roush SW, et al. Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable disease in the United States. JAMA.2007; doi:10.1001/jama.298.18.2155.
  19. Poland GA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Sept. 17, 2021.
  20. Benefits of the flu vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/benefits/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm. Accessed Nov. 13, 2024.
  21. 1918 pandemic influenza timeline. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?archive_url=https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-commemoration/pandemic-timeline-1918.htm.Accessed Nov. 14, 2024.
  22. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/safety-of-vaccines.html.Accessed Oct. 8, 2021.
  23. COVID-19 vaccine basics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html#cdc_vaccine_basics_types-types-of-vaccines. Accessed Nov. 20, 2024.
  24. COVID-19 vaccines. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines.Accessed Dec. 2, 2024.
  25. Poland GA, et al. The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists. The New England Journal of Medicine.2011; doi:10.1056/NEJMp1010594.
  26. Clapesattle H. The Doctors Mayo. The University of Minnesota Press; 1941.
  27. Saint Mary's isolation hospital during the influenza pandemic. Saint Marys Hospital Annals; 1918.
  28. Harren R. Olmsted County in the grippe of Spanish influenza. The Scribe. History Center of Olmsted Country. 2018.
  29. Strand PK. A century of caring: 1889-1989. Saint Marys Hospital; 1988.
  30. Mayo Clinic: The battle plan for H1N1. Mayo Alumni Magazine; 2009.
  31. First polio vaccine delivery. MayoVox. Mayo Clinic; 1955.
  32. Rosenow EC. Prophylactic inoculation against respiratory infections during the present pandemic of influenza: Preliminary report. Mayo Clinic; 1918.
  33. Rules concerning the report of contagious diseases. The Clinic Bulletin. 1919;1;1.
  34. Maltezou HA, et al. Immunization of health-care providers: Necessity and public-health policies. Healthcare.2016; doi:10.3390/healthcare4030047.
  35. Voigt EA, et al. Defending against smallpox: A focus on vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines.2016; doi:10.1080/14760584.2016.1175305.
  36. Wright GH, et al. Effect of reduced dose schedules and intramuscular injection of anthrax vaccine adsorbed on immunological response and safety profile: A randomized trial. Vaccine.2014; doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.039.
  37. Spikevax. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/spikevax. Accessed Dec. 2, 2024.
  38. Infectious Disease. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/infectious-disease. Accessed Nov. 13, 2024.
  39. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19).Accessed Nov. 27, 2024.
  40. FDA approves and authorizes updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccines to better protect against currently circulating variants. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-and-authorizes-updated-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-better-protect-against-currently.Accessed Dec. 6, 2024.