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1955脊髓灰质炎

脊髓灰质炎史：疫情暴发和疫苗研制时间线

了解脊髓灰质炎流行病以及脊髓灰质炎疫苗的开发、批准情况和影响。

在圣玛丽医院的一堂课上，坐在轮椅上的老师和孩子们拿着书本和笔记本

患有脊髓灰质炎的儿童

患有脊髓灰质炎的儿童和老师正在圣玛丽医院上课。

1948-1955

在脊髓灰质炎疫苗问世之前，1948 年至 1955 年间曾发生过几次脊髓灰质炎流行病。由于担心感染脊髓灰质炎，许多人在这段时间会避开人群和公共集会，例如集市、体育比赛和游泳池。有些家长不让自己的孩子与新朋友玩耍，并定期检查他们是否有症状。

在明尼苏达州罗切斯特的圣玛丽医院，许多脊髓灰质炎患者在隔离病房接受治疗。一些存在呼吸肌麻痹的脊髓灰质炎患者被放入被称为铁肺的大型机器中。这些机器帮助他们呼吸，并可能延长他们的寿命。医院的医务人员不足。在流行病期间，医生、护士和其他人员长时间工作。

一名患有脊髓灰质炎的男子躺在铁肺里与前总统 Dwight Eisenhower 交谈

铁肺

在圣玛丽医院，一名患有脊髓灰质炎的男子躺在铁肺里与前总统 Dwight Eisenhower 交谈。

1952-1955

Jonas E. Salk 医生及其同事研究和开发脊髓灰质炎疫苗。

1955

由 Salk 医生及其同事开发的脊髓灰质炎疫苗在美国获得许可。在脊髓灰质炎疫苗问世之前，脊髓灰质炎一直是导致儿童失能的主要原因。在 20 世纪，美国每年约有 16,000 例脊髓灰质炎（麻痹性脊髓灰质炎）病例，而 2023 年则没有一例发生。

1955 年 4 月 13 日，首批脊髓灰质炎疫苗抵达妙佑医疗国际，这是该疫苗在美国获得许可后的第二天。

Thomas Magath 医生坐在办公桌前，查看妙佑医疗国际的首批脊髓灰质炎疫苗

脊髓灰质炎疫苗

1955 年，Thomas Magath 医生坐在妙佑医疗国际首批脊髓灰质炎疫苗旁边。

1961

Albert B. Sabin 医生开发了第二种脊髓灰质炎疫苗，在美国获得许可。第三种小儿麻痹症疫苗于 1963 年获得许可。这些疫苗有助于控制脊髓灰质炎在工业化国家的传播。

1994

脊髓灰质炎在北美和南美被视为已被消灭。

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