幻嗅觉：导致幻嗅觉的原因是什么？

幻嗅因何引起？

回答 Jonathan Graff-Radford, M.D.

幻嗅会使您闻到环境中并不存在的气味。

在幻嗅中闻到的气味因人而异，可能难闻，也可能令人愉快。您可能有一侧或两侧鼻孔闻到气味。幻嗅气味可能持续存在，也可能时有时无。

幻嗅可能是由头部受伤或上呼吸道感染所引起。也可能是由衰老、创伤、颞叶癫痫、鼻窦发炎、脑肿瘤、某些药物和帕金森病导致。幻嗅还可能由 COVID-19 感染而引发。

如果您有幻嗅症状，请咨询医疗护理专业人员。医疗护理专业人员可以排除可能导致幻嗅的任何严重状况。

嗅觉倒错是与幻嗅类似的另一种嗅觉障碍。但是，嗅觉倒错会令环境中存在的气味变得与真实气味不同。嗅觉系统受损时可能发生嗅觉倒错。这可能发生在严重呼吸道感染（包括 COVID-19）之后。

With

Jonathan Graff-Radford, M.D.

Flint PW, et al., eds. Olfactory function and dysfunction. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 23, 2022.
Lafreniere D. Taste and olfactory disorders in adults: Anatomy and etiology. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 23, 2022.
Lalwani AK. Olfactory dysfunction. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. McGraw Hill; 2020. https://www.accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed May 23, 2022.
Whitcroft KL, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2020; doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8391.
Simonini L, et al. A comprehensive review of COVID-19-related olfactory deficiency: Unraveling associations with neurocognitive disorders and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Diagnostics. 2024; doi:10.3390/diagnostics14040359.

Feb. 21, 2025